What device is used to connect two different network segments for enhancing network efficiency?

A bridge is used to connect two different network segments, allowing them to function as a single network while improving overall efficiency. It operates at the data link layer of the OSI model and is responsible for filtering traffic between the segments based on MAC addresses. This capability helps reduce collisions and minimizes unnecessary network traffic, leading to improved performance for devices within those segments. By analyzing incoming data packets, a bridge decides whether to forward or filter the data, enabling more effective communication.

In contrast, a router connects different networks but is typically used to direct data packets between separate networks instead of just linking segments of the same network. A hub broadcasts data to all devices in a network without filtering, which can lead to collisions and decreased performance. A gateway, on the other hand, serves as a "gate" between two networks that may use different protocols, but it is more complex than a bridge and generally supports protocol conversion. Each of these other devices serves different functions in networking, while the bridge specifically enhances efficiency between segments of the same network.