Which of the following describes firmware?

Firmware is best described as specialized software that is tightly integrated with the hardware to control its functionalities. Unlike general-purpose software, which can be easily installed or modified, firmware is typically embedded directly into devices, such as routers, computer peripherals, and other hardware components. It operates at a low level, often interacting directly with the hardware to manage its operations, ensure proper functioning, and sometimes provide fundamental features.

The critical distinction here is that firmware is not meant to be altered frequently, as it is essential for the device’s basic operations, such as booting up and enabling specific hardware functions. This is why firmware is not characterized as temporary or general software, nor is it categorized as software that is easily modified. Understanding firmware's role highlights its importance in the overall functionality of digital devices and how it underpins their hardware operations.