Which of the following is not an element of digital citizenship?

Digital citizenship encompasses a range of competencies and practices that enable individuals to navigate the internet and digital technologies in a responsible, ethical, and effective manner. Key elements include digital literacy, which refers to the ability to find, evaluate, use, and create information online; digital communication, which encompasses the skills needed to communicate effectively through digital means; and digital responsibility, which involves understanding and adhering to ethical standards while engaging with digital content and technology.

Digital marketing, on the other hand, focuses specifically on strategies and techniques used to promote products or services online. While it may involve aspects of digital technology, it does not align with the broader principles and practices of digital citizenship, which are concerned with the safe and responsible use of technology in society rather than the commercial applications of these digital tools. Thus, digital marketing is not considered an element of digital citizenship.