Which process occurs before execution and converts the entire code into machine language?

The process referred to in the question is compiling. Compiling is a crucial step in programming where the entire source code written in a high-level programming language is translated into machine language or bytecode that the computer's processor can understand. This translation occurs before the program is executed. The compiler analyzes the complete code, checking for syntax errors and converting it into a format that can be executed by the operating system.

This process is important because it allows programs written in human-readable languages to be transformed into a format that enables efficient execution by the computer. Compiled code typically runs faster than code that is interpreted, as the work of translation has been completed prior to execution.

The other processes mentioned, such as debugging, interpreting, and running, play different roles in software development. Debugging involves identifying and resolving errors in the code, interpreting processes the code line-by-line at runtime rather than compiling it all at once, and running refers to the actual execution of the program after it has been compiled or interpreted.